What are vowels?
English has 26 letters alphabet and out of these five are vowels and remaining 21 alphabets are consonants. However, letter Y is included in both consonants or vowels depending on usage. The vowels are A, E, I, O, and U. Vowels are part of speech pronounced through the comparatively free passage of breath through the mouth. A vowel pronunciation require open mouth.

The short vowels:
In English short vowel contains just three letter just as
Vowel ‘a’ in hat
Vowel ‘e’ in pet
Vowel ‘i’ in hit
Vowel ‘o’ in fog
Vowel ‘u’ in bug
The short vowel are in the middle of the two consonants and create short vowel sound.

What are consonants?
In English alphabet five are vowels and the other alphabets are consonants. The consonant created sounds like Z, B, T, G, and H. There are 21 consonants in English and when the mouth is blocked during the speech usually tongue and teeth. In this process the producing sound is a consonant. Once the consonant is pronounced then tongue, lips and teeth are pinch together. However, vowels are produced through open mouth. The followings are 21 consonants in English like: B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.

Examples of consonant:
1. Jar: “J” and “r” are consonants in this word.
2. Storm: “s” “t” “r” “m” are consonants in this word.
3. Ray: “R” is a consonant in this word.

Silent consonants
In English the consonant letter may also be silent like the vowels just as the alphabet “B” following “M” just in word like “dumb”. Similarly, alphabet “K” prior to “N” just in word “Know”. In other cases like alphabets "B" and "P" prior "T" in words like "debt" and "receipt" In case if the two consonants are in one word, then one will be pronounced just in “Call” or “summer”.
English alphabit with sounds.

Use of capital letter in the start of sentence.
In English there are two types of alphabet writing like uppercase and lower case. The uppercase like ABC and lower case like a.b.c. The capital letter is used for proper name and initial word of the sentence. The capital letter is used in the followings condition like.
1. Specific name:
Capital letter is used for the specific people, places or things like.
Mrs, Bill, River Dee, London, New York, etc.
2. First word in sentence:
The first word of the sentence and new paragraph will be started with capital letter.
3. Titles:
Titles of the books, newspapers, God, Queen, The Times, Prime Minister, etc.
First letter of the days, months, seasons will be capital. Similarly, the first letter of salutation or titles like Sir, Madam will also be in capital. Similarly, first alphabet of the quotation within quotation marks will be capital.

Abbreviations and degrees.
An abbreviation is the shortest form of word or phrase like Dr. for Doctor and Mrs, for Mistress. There are numbers of abbreviations to save the time and space.